DP: One of your signal connection solutions

DisplayPort is a digital display interface standard developed under the leadership of the Video Electronics Standards Association (VESA). Its main purpose is to connect video sources (such as computers, graphics cards) with display devices (such as monitors, televisions, VR headsets), transmitting high-definition video and audio signals.
1、 Core features and advantages
1. High bandwidth and high-resolution support:
Since its inception, DisplayPort has been dedicated to high bandwidth transmission. The latest DP 2.1 standard has a theoretical bandwidth of up to 80Gbps (using UHBR20 link rates).
This is sufficient to support specifications that far exceed the current demand for consumer grade display devices, such as:
Dual screen 8K (7680x4320) @ 120Hz+HDR
Single screen 10K (10240x4320) @ 60Hz+HDR
Three 4K UHD (3840x2160) @ 144Hz monitors
2. Adaptive synchronization technology:
DisplayPort is one of the first standards to natively support Adaptive Sync technology. This technology was later adopted by NVIDIA as G-SYNC Compatible, and AMD's FreeSync is also based on this technology.
It dynamically adjusts the refresh rate of the monitor to match the frame output speed of the graphics card, completely eliminating screen tearing and stuttering, providing gamers with an extremely smooth visual experience.
3. Packaged Data Transmission:
This is the essential difference between DP and traditional interfaces such as HDMI. Like Internet Protocol (IP) or PCIe bus, DP packages video and audio data into data packets for transmission.
Advantage:
Flexibility: Can allocate bandwidth more efficiently, easily compatible with multiple color formats and bit depths.
Scalability: Provides space for future new data stream types such as metadata and control signals, which can be upgraded without changing the physical interface.
4. Auxiliary Channel (AUX Channel):
This is a bidirectional, half duplex communication channel used for transmitting control and management data.
The functions include: reading the EDID of the display (recognizing resolution, refresh rate, etc.), negotiating higher bandwidth modes (such as DSC), conducting MST negotiations, controlling DP over USB-C, etc.
5. High Dynamic Range (HDR) support:
Through its packet based structure, DisplayPort can efficiently transmit HDR metadata (such as Dolby Vision for static HDR and dynamic HDR), ensuring that the image has a wider color gamut and higher contrast.
2、 Important functions and technologies
1. MST (Multi Stream Transport)
Allow multiple independent displays to be driven through a single DisplayPort output port.
Implementation method: Use an MST Hub (splitter) to split the signal into multiple displays. This is very useful for laptop expansion with multiple screens or insufficient graphics card interfaces.
2. DSC (Display Stream Compression)
A visually lossless compression technique introduced in DP 1.4.
It is possible to compress video data by about 3:1 with almost no loss of image quality, thereby achieving higher resolution and refresh rate (such as 8K60Hz HDR) with limited bandwidth. Enabling DSC is generally painless for users.
3. DP Alt Mode
This is one of the reasons why the USB Type-C interface is so powerful.
Through DP Alt Mode, USB-C cables can directly transmit native DisplayPort signals, allowing devices such as laptops, phones, tablets, etc. to output video signals to displays through a USB-C port. Many USB-C docking stations also have video output capabilities based on this technology.
3、 Interface type
Standard DisplayPort: The most common interface with a self-locking buckle design for a more secure connection.
Mini DisplayPort: Launched by Apple, it has a smaller size and is commonly seen on older devices such as MacBook and Surface Pro. Now it has gradually been replaced by USB-C, which has more comprehensive functions.
summary
DisplayPort is a high-performance, future oriented digital display interface. Its packet based design, ultra-high bandwidth, and native support for advanced technologies such as Adaptive Sync, DSC, MST make it the gold standard in the PC and high-end display fields. With the popularity of DP Alt Mode, it can also greatly promote the thinning and interface standardization of devices by supporting USB-C interface.

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